This work intends to outline the reception of the writings by Mário de Andrade and Oswald de Andrade between the years of 1945-70, the creation of a national consciousness and a vanguardist writing, taking into consideration the election of both of them to the level of high modernism. The literary historiography, guided by the nationalist tradition, sees in Mário the superior synthesis of the post-22 proposals, leaving Oswald on the level of cultural terrorist. Concretism, to make viable a synchronic historiography, guided by the international pattern of the vanguards, elects the pau- Brasil poetry as an esthetic revolution, anticipating the concrete poetry, minimizing Mário´s role, calling him the reformer, or between the lines, conservative modernist. The concrete theory presents the anthropophagy to the tropicalism, which finds in it the theoric argument to justify its assimilation of mass culture as a proposal of renovation and cultural update. From one view or another, the modernists are objects constructed to legitimize the nationalist speech or the internationalist one.