This thesis presents a computational model for the analysis of viscoelastic structures undergoing large displacements, with particular attention to unstable phenomena. The discrete model utilizes two-dimensional isoparametric finite elements in the analysis of columns, frames, arches and axially symmetric shells. The elastic stability of the system is verified along the equilibrium paths in the multidimensional load-displacements space, with bifurcation or limit points indicated by sign changes of the pivot of the tangent stiffness at every incremental step. A linear viscoelastic model for the material is included, allowing for the consideration of the effect of loading time on the buckling load for the structure. Thus, the mechanism leading to loss of stability, corresponding to viscoelastic buckling, involves two basic variables: load magnitude and duration of the load, designated as critical load and critical time. The examples presented herein enlighten such concepts and provide interesting results about viscoelastic effects on buckling of different structural systems.