Título: | EVALUATING CONVERTIBLE, CALLABLE AND REDEEMABLE BONDS | |||||||
Autor: |
GIULIANO CARROZZA UZEDA IORIO DE SOUZA |
|||||||
Colaborador(es): |
CARLOS PATRICIO SAMANEZ - Orientador |
|||||||
Catalogação: | 27/JUL/2006 | Língua(s): | PORTUGUESE - BRAZIL |
|||||
Tipo: | TEXT | Subtipo: | THESIS | |||||
Notas: |
[pt] Todos os dados constantes dos documentos são de inteira responsabilidade de seus autores. Os dados utilizados nas descrições dos documentos estão em conformidade com os sistemas da administração da PUC-Rio. [en] All data contained in the documents are the sole responsibility of the authors. The data used in the descriptions of the documents are in conformity with the systems of the administration of PUC-Rio. |
|||||||
Referência(s): |
[pt] https://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/projetosEspeciais/ETDs/consultas/conteudo.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=8742&idi=1 [en] https://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/projetosEspeciais/ETDs/consultas/conteudo.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=8742&idi=2 |
|||||||
DOI: | https://doi.org/10.17771/PUCRio.acad.8742 | |||||||
Resumo: | ||||||||
In their 1986 Journal of Finance article, LYON Taming,
John McConnell
and Eduardo Schwartz outlined a technique for pricing
Liquid Yield Option Notes
(LYON´s). In the words of McConnell and Schwartz, a LYON
is a zero coupon
note which is convertible, callable and redeemable. The
convertible aspect of the
LYON allows the holder of the note to convert the LYON at
any time into a
predetermined number of shares of the issue´s stock. The
callable clause of the
contract enables the issuer of the LYON to call the LYON
for either, according to
the choice of holder, the exercise price of the call
option or for an equivalent
amount issuer stock. Finally, the holder has the choice to
redeem the LYON for a
predetermined monetary amount. Considering the fact that
these kind of assets
have embedded derivatives (i.e., puts and calls), it is
quite intuitive that the
appropriate way to analyze them is through the contingent
claim methodology,
valuing them according to the Pricing Options Theory -
developed by Black and
Shole (1973) [4] and extended by Merton (1976) [22] -
McConnell and Schwartz
simplified the problem by assuming that, for an instance,
the interest rate were flat
and known. Based on that, the main idea behind the model
is solving the
differential equation that describes the behavior of that
bond as a function of the
stock price (stochastic variable) and the time horizon
till the maturity of the bond.
This present paper aims at evaluating the LYON convertible
bond by means of
three of the most modern and efficient methodologies to
appraise derivatives:
Finite Difference Method (FDM), Least Square Monte Carlo
(LSM) and Grant,
Vora & Weeks (GVW). Thus, besides presenting the developed
model based on
the Finite Difference Method (which consists in solving
the differential equation
when there is no analytical solution to the problem and in
determining the
behavior of the bond through a network which represents
values of the bond
achieved by approximations of the derivatives), the aim is
to evaluate the
efficiency of the Monte Carlo Simulation Methodology
considering its more
recent features applicable to the appraisal of derivatives
such as the LSM and
GVW models, which present good applicability and
versatility for the appraisal of
bonds like the one in question. The great challenge lies
in using these models with a view to appraising a bond as
complex as LYON, seeing that both the LSM and
the GVW models were developed and used by the authors only
in the appraisal of
traditional American options. For its simplicity and
application to the problems in
finance, as it can be observed in Marins (2006) [33] e
Frota (2005) [19], the
Antithetic Variables technique was used so as to
accelerate the convergence in the
developed adaptations of MQMC and GVW models. Although
other techniques
also produce a good level of efficiency, this one has
proved to reduce the
processing time of the simulation models and make
significant improvements in
convergence terms, as it can also be observed in Marins´s
and Frota´s papers. The
other techniques of recognized importance in the academic
field are also briefly
described here. According to McConnell e Schwartz (1986)
[35], considering
interest rates as deterministic variable doesn´t create
problems. In the same line,
Ramos (2005) [41] said that the models with just one
factor are considered
precise. According to several papers analyzed by her, the
use interest rates as
stochastic variable shows to be of secondary importance.
Therefore, the three
methods for appraisal of the derivative will be applied,
considering the issuer´s
stock price as stochastic variable and then a comparison
will be made with the
results found as well as with those presented by McConnell
and Schwartz in the
article mentioned above.
|
||||||||