This work consists in developing and evaluating classical of finite element models combined with additional polynomial functions, to obtain critical loads of instability and natural frequencies of plane structures, and respective modes. The objective is to search for a reliable technique to get estimates of localized deformations near to collapse. The Finite Elements method is used in combination with the classic method of Rayleigh-Ritz. As a basic element for such study, the rectangular element of Barber-Weaver is used, containing four nodes, each one with two translations and two independent rotations (equivalents to a rotation and an angular distortion). This element is enriched with additional internal displacement functions and with functions on the boundary, forming general polynomial series. These nodal functions are incorporated in the energy expressions leading to the establishment of elastic stiffness, geometric, and mass matrices. Such matrices allow the establishment of generalized eigenvalue problems to obtain critical loads and frequencies, and the respective modes of buckling and vibration. For the comparative numerical studies presented in the examples, several routines are implemented using software Maple 9.0. The results show that the methodology presented herein can be used in the development of an applicable technique to the ascertainment of instability in global and located modes, when there is a combination of geometric nonlinear and material effects.