This dissertation comprises literary and historic facts for the understanding of social and political effects proceeding from the decolonization of African countries of Portuguese language. Parting from the study of two novels from the Portuguese writer António Lobo Antunes, As Naus (1988) and Boa Tarde às Coisas Aqui em Baixo (2003), we intend to map, in these writer works, some literary representation relevant for the formulation of understanding concerning the differences - in the Portuguese and Angolan context of the after-colonial condition. The theoretical and methodological presuppositions drawn up in this essay are associated with some critical contributions of historical, philosophical and literary texts from scholars who approach aspects of the decolonization process and their consequent conflicts and social dilemma faced principally by the Portuguese and Angolan society.