This dissertation presents a study of the mechanical properties of biotite gneiss residual soil found at Alto Leblon, Rio de Janeiro, and the development of a triaxial equipment for unsaturated soil testing. An experimental program has been created to study the mechanical behaviour of soil. The methodology proposed by this campaign is: (a) physical characterization tests; (b) mineralogical characterization by X-Ray difratometry tests, optical microscopy and digital microscopy analysis; (c) study of unsaturated properties based on its moisture retention curve – which has been determined by using the filter paper method, the mercury intrusion porosimetry test and digital image analysis; (d) by obtaining shear strength parameter through conventional and unconventional triaxial tests using stress paths controlled at a saturated condition and; (e) by analyzing the Initial Modules using sensors to measure internal and external axial strain (Imperial College electrolevel) and to study the stress paths effects on Initial Modules. The triaxial equipment used in this research was specially developed for the study of unsaturated soils. It includes a system for measuring the total volume variation of the specimen. This system is based on the principle of communicating vessels and is associated with a precision balance. The triaxial chamber has been developed based upon the dual chamber principle to eliminate dilatation effects. The equipment has been set up, but its validation was not possible due to a delay in the importation process of control, pressure application and data acquisition components.