This paper aims at analyzing the process of image construction of the composer Alberto Nepomuceno in works of three important authors who have written about the Brazilian musical past: Guilherme de Melo, Renato Almeida and Mário de Andrade. After identifying them as the first and most important conformers of the elements constituting the process, such elements were analyzed, considering the authors` points of view on the Brazilian music formation. This aspect consists of the study of the projects developed by them, taking into special consideration their opinion on issues like: musical nationalism, popular music, classical music, ethnic influences and aesthetic and stylistic models, making it possible to understand not only the types of memory of Brazilian music that are being created at the first decades of the XX century and their respective goals, but also the image of musical Brazil which is intended to be transmitted to future generations.