Knowledge is seen increasingly as an important driver of economic growth and innovation, which arouses increasing interest for the improvement of education. Brazil is no exception: the Brazilian society is increasingly aware of the need to enhance the mechanisms by which education takes place. On the other hand, from a theoretical point of view, still exists in the literature, the concern to understand how the constructs of leadership and organizational climate to support creativity and innovation in organizations impact innovation and, as a result, its performance. This study aimed, therefore, to meet a social concern, improving education, while contributing to the understanding of the complex relationships between factors internal to the organization and its impact on innovation conducted in the organization and performance obtained by it. Thus, the organizations chosen for the study were public schools in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The literature review focused on literature on leadership and the role of leaders in driving innovation, since a large portion of the innovations is not the result of chance, but of effective management in the search for solutions to problems that arise in the market or within their own organizations, and literature on the role of organizational climate to support creativity and innovation, including studies that examine the relationship between innovation and performance of organizations. From the literature studied, developed scales were identified in the management area, covering different facets of the constructs Leadership and Organizational Climate to Support Creativity and Innovation. Specifically, the MLQ scales were used (Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire-Form 5 x) on Bass and Avolio (2004) and the SSSI (Siegel Scale of Support for Innovation) of Siegel and Kaemmerer (1978). Performance was measured by variables related to aspects not only learning content by students, but also motivational, concerning the motivation of teachers and staff and cooperation of family members of students, in preference to the results IDEB (Basic Education Development Index) of the Ministry of Education and Culture, composed only for issues related to adoption and learning (of portuguese and mathematics) of the students. The field research in the public schools of Rio de Janeiro was conducted between February and April 2013, being sent questionnaires to all 358 municipal schools offering elementary school in the final year (6th to 9th grade) and who had ratings IDEB the years 2007, 2009 and 2011. The results show the theoretical aspects of the conceptual model drawn, observing the effect of Leadership on Organizational Climate to Support Creativity and Innovation, and this, in turn, on Innovative Performance of the organization. Furthermore, as expected, the Innovative Performance positively affects organizational performance.