Pipes made from composite material - polymer matrix reinforced with glass fibers - manufactured by filament winding, were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and image analysis. Three pipes were manufactured with equipment owned by the research group, following similar winding parameters. A commercial tube made by a specialized company, with more complex winding conditions, was also characterized. Circumferential sections were observed in a scanning electron microscope with digital image acquisition. Image mosaics were created, providing information with good spatial resolution and, at the same time, wide spatial coverage. Thus, it was possible to characterize size and shape of individual fibers and, simultaneously, obtain the spatial distribution of thousands of fibers within a large sample area. Image processing and analysis routines were created to measure fiber diameter, shape factor, area fraction and winding angle. A specific routine was developed for the automatic identification of the several fiber layers present in the commercial pipe.