The present thesis has as subject an inquiry on the participation of the aggressiveness and the culture in the processes of becoming a person. At a first moment was established the distinction between aggressiveness and violence in the context of the culture, the psychoanalysis theory and also considering the work of D.W. Winnicott. After that a study was done on the Winnicott´s theory of the aggressiveness that tries to understand its evolution pointing it out in relation to the three theoretical contexts: the initial context, the context of the emotional development theory and the context of the transicional objects and phenomena. Finally, from the experience of the non-governmental organization - Casa da Árvore - , and from the concepts of environmental provision and fails and of antisocial tendency, a reflection was elaborated on the manifestations of aggressiveness development disturbs, in the scope of a therapeutic device that promotes the collective assistance to children from 6 to 12 years old, in the community of the Morro do Chapéu Mangueira, in the city of Rio de Janeiro. We support that the promotion of politics of attention to childhood results in an extraordinary mental health prevention, mainly in regards to the prevention of the anti-social behavior and of the psychotic illnesses.