Nowadays, organizations have constantly been charged by many of their strategical actors (stakeholders) to adopt practices concerning social and environmental responsibility. That means a change in the essence (though, not peripheral) of their identities as organizations and that is still not completely understood. Therefore, the investigation of the interrelation between organizational identity and corporate social and environmental responsibility, although been a recent concept, deserves a special seat in contemporary Administration, especially in international researches. The unique opportunity of using Centrais Elétricas Brasileiras S.A. - Eletrobrás as an object of study and empirical analysis due to this interrelation demonstrates the state of importance and responsibility by this Dissertation. Based on a solid and concise revision of literature, through both brazilian and international selection of books and academical papers, in relation to the concepts of organization identity (MACHADO, 2003) and corporate social and environmental identity (ASHLEY, 2005), this paper form a qualitative research (GIL, 1987; MARTINS, 1994) using both documental data and some perception obtained by interviews with selected employees from Eletrobrás, resulting in a simple case study (GIL, 2002). The results empirically confirm the existence of an interrelation and mutual influence between the construction process of organizational identity and the management of corporate social and environmental responsibility. Eletrobrás intend to break an organizational structure nearly unchanged for almost four decades by the redefinition of its own reason of being, approaching its identity as holding of the electric sector to a strategical scenario more competitive and unpredictable. In this process of identity reconstruction it becomes evident that the social and environmental responsibility assumes a protagonist position in the new role to be adopted by the company, which will mean a different way of thinking and interacting with all its internal and external actors, basing its attitudes and procedures in citizenship, responsibility, mutual respect an ethic. The apparently contradictory role between the personal goals of its employees and its own organizational goals has to be put as the main challenge to be overcome in the process of identity reconstruction. It is believed that Eletrobrás may reconstruct its organizational identity in order to accept the new paradigms offered by the social and environmental responsibility and rescue its lost partnership with its employees.