Carlos de Oliveira’s way of writing is profoundly composed by mechanisms which characterize his position as an artist and intellectual committed with the Portuguese society political scene of the middle twentieth century, articulating a reflective political engagement concerning the process of literary production regarding cultural and political actions. In this way, the following thesis aims to identify, according to the issues enhanced in the Neo- Realism movement, the fictional issue raised by the Portuguese writer Carlos de Oliveira in Casa na Duna as well as his purpose of establishing some comprehension criteria in order to understand the social, the political and the economic reality of the Portuguese society in the first decades of the twentieth century, stimulating a complete transformation in men through a radical transformation in their lives.