Ação Afirmativa no Ensino Superior: Estudo da Política de Inserção de Alunos Pobres e Negros na PUC-Rio searches to answer some questions that arise from the discussion regarding the social action program developed in the Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC). PUC-Rio has been implementing a specific affirmative action politics since 1994 whose objective is to grant higher education access to popular social classes of society, especially students from the Pré- Vestibulares para Negros e Carentes (PVNCs). By having a field research done in the years 2006 and 2007 as a basis, this study focuses on two aspects of the affirmative program: Its beginning—the characters responsible for its formulation, implementation and management—and its impact in the lives of the beneficiary students during and after undergraduation. Qualitative research was chosen as the best methodological resource in order to understand the complexity of those two moments. To collect data, semi-structured interview was applied, which allows interviewees to speak freely and focused on the proposed theme. Two different types of interview scripts were used: One specifically directed to the characters responsible for the implementation/collaborators of the affirmative politics, and the other to the former students of the program. As a result of this work, one can observe that the affirmative politics implemented in PUC-Rio influenced not only its beneficiary students, their families and communities, but it also has been contributing for the consolidation of a more diverse and democratic university environment and campus.