This Master s thesis aims to examine the formation of Brazil s phonographic market from the operation of the first record of wax cylinders with Brazilian songs, Casa Edison, in the federal capital at the end of the late nineteenth until the beginnings at second decade of the twentieth century. To undertake this analysis, the research focused on documents made by the record label, even as their catalogues and supplemental disclosure, their letters with foreign phonograph companies and their copyrights. The label was a polyphonic place that dialoged and dealt to several musical genres, songwriter, poets, singers, businessman and companies of their time, needful to start the process for its structuring and expansion. Casa Edison was responsible to almost all records of Brazilian music during the first decades on twentieth century and to spread the basis for phonograph market structuration in Brazil.