This master thesis presents a study about the petroleum products distribution system, with the development of a mathematical model for the determination of the logistic costs of strategic oil stocks in Brazil. This model doesn't intend to determine the minimum distribution cost , but establishes a rational distribution of the strategic oil stocks, based in the real distribution network. For the development of the model, firstly a diagnosis of the national distribution was accomplished, more specifically gasoline, diesel, aviation kerosene, combustible oil and liquefied gas of petroleum. For each one of those products, the distribution network was determined, with the flows of products among refineries and terminals until the secondary bases of fuels, with its respective transportation modals. In a second stage, a geographical database was built in the software TransCAD, with all available data . This geographical information system was a support tool for logistic analyses, visualization and better understanding of the results. The results of the total distribution costs are presented by product, to evidence the differentiated character of the distribution of each product.