Brazil is observing an increasing growth in the petroleum industry resulting in an equally increased risk of accidents involving petroleum and derivatives. A great part of the Brazilian coastal plain is covered by mangroves, which are an important ecosystem for procreation and preservation of marine and terrestrial species. As a result it is urgent the need to study the oil dynamics in this environment. To do so, the Guanabara Bay was chosen, since this area is subjected to intense pollution by oil and its derivatives. In the year 2000, occurred the largest oil spill in the Bay. Around 1,800 m3 of oil, type MF380, were spilled, reaching importat mangrove areas. In the mangrove forests were chosen three sites to monitor the evolution of the spilled oil trough time. The mangroves sites in Surui and Nova Orleans were chosen, since they were directly reached by the accident. The site at Piedade, was chosen as a reference area, since there was not evidences of contamination in this site. In all areas it was carried out annual sampling since the year 2,000, adding up to five surveys. In each mangrove site sediment samples were collected in depth profiles in order to analyze the aliphatic hydrocarbons, PAH, hopanes and steranes. Besides these parameters, the following accessory data were also analyzed: umidity content, organic carbon, grain size, pH and Eh. Only in one sampling (fourth) the acid volatile sulfides (AVS) and sulfide associated metals were analyzed (SEM). The extraction of organic compounds (aliphatic, PAHs, hopanes and steranes) was done in Soxhlet (EPA 3540C), the extract was concentrated, fractionated in column chromatography and analyzed bt CG-DIC (aliphatic) CG-EM (PAHs, hopanes and steranes) (EPA-8270D). The AVS were analyzed by colorimetric method and in the extract resulted from the sample acidification were determined the associated metals to the AVS. The Zn and Al wre read by atomic absorption spectrophotometry with flame detector and the other metals (Ni, Cu, Cd and Pb) were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry with graphite oven. The results demonstrated that after four years since the accident, occurred a decrease of approximately 70% of the initial concentration of aliphatic hydrocarbons and PAH in the impacted mangroves. Even though the observed decrease, it is still detected the presence of HPAs in high levels of concentration in Surui Site (28 ug g-1). In Piedade Site however, it was not observed variations in the concentration of PAHs in the samplings, showing approximate values of 600 ng g-1. The kinetic degradation of the PAHs presented higher values in the lower molecular weight compounds and with lower alquilation grades. The hopanes and steranes data attested the existence of the spilled oil in the Surui and Nova Orleans mangroves, however in Piedade, the presence of oil was not detected. Based in the interpretation of the mass spectra and comparison with literature data it was possible to suggest the presence of diagenetic PAHs from different tetra and penta cyclic compounds. Also the distribution of higher molecular weight n-alkanes in the sediments highlighted the presence of plant products. The results obtained for the relation SEM/AVS shows that the deeper samples in Piedade and Nova Orleans sites and in the superficial samples at Surui site, present values higher than 1, indicating the occurrence of bioavailable metals. The metal content values for Guanabara Bay was expected to be higher. However, as the analyzed sites are located near the Guapimirim Preservation Area, these mangroves are not directly subjected to the industrial region.