The theme of human freedom is vast and complex, and can be analysed from different perspectives. This dissertation aims to reflect, in the light of theological anthropology, on the challenges posed by the contemporary mentality to the Christian experience of freedom in the dynamics of autonomy, responsibility and discernment. The work, of an interdisciplinary nature, was based on a bibliographical analysis. Methodologically, the results of the research are divided into three stages. The first elucidates the characterisations that human freedom has taken on as a result of the socio-cultural transformations that have taken place in modernity/post-modernity. It points out phenomena that make possible the extreme paradoxes of freedom that we live in today. These include the generalisation of a radical individualism that has triggered a crisis of community commitment. The second stage presents the concept of freedom that emerges from contemporary biblical-theological reflection. In this sense, the economy of salvation is presented as the history of the progressive self-understanding of the human being as a being of freedom. The third stage recognises the cultural, social, spiritual and ecological challenge facing us. It calls for a necessary and urgent education for true freedom, through the integral formation of the human person, starting from the reconstruction of the fabric of their fundamental relationships; it indicates the need for an ethic of responsibility oriented towards the duties of the future, in favour of human and extra-human life; it proposes the evangelisation of sensitivity in order to learn to discern. God believes in the human being s capacity for freedom and therefore sends his Spirit to those who accept being free.