The insertion of Social Work in the context of private companies has been a necessity resulting from the capital-labor contradictions. Since the 1940s the business area has been one of the slices of the labor market for social workers, so many contours have been delineated in this socio-occupational space changing the institutional requirements, the demands of the users of the services, as well as reconfiguring the professional work. Since the 1990s, in Brazil, the scenario of productive restructuring articulated to the neoliberal logic has altered political, social and economic aspects of our country, from the set of modifications, it stands out: deregulation of the rights of the working class and privatization of State assets, both aspects foster free market competition and affect the labor world, where Social Workers are professionally inserted to sell their workforce for their survival and of their family, characterizing them as working class. Given this, new responses and approaches began to be requested, as new needs emerged, both on the part of the companies and of the subjects served. The purpose of this research was to identify the main professional challenges in the face of the societal transformations that occurred after the 1990s, based on the literature produced by social workers linked to the Marxist tradition. The bibliographic selection favored the books produced by authors considered reference by the professional category, in the socio-occupational area of the company. In this material we identify that there is a vast scope of possibilities for the performance of the Social Worker, characterized by his critical potential, his theoretical and technical knowledge, ethical and political commitment and his skills and competences, which allows him to act in the attendance to the themes already consolidated, as well as to surpass them. The valorization of the performance of social workers in private companies, can occur on the part of the contractors, but also on the part of the workers, because the Social Work not only in this space of action, but also in the others, acts in the inliminable contradictions of the capitalist order, the main one is in the capital can not do without work, in this case, makes use of all possible resources to increase the extraction of surplus value.