Civil liability is one of the areas of law with the fastest evolution, to the extent that the events that give rise to its effectiveness reflect life in society. It is mainly how society has been changing its relationships that interfere as the requirements for assessing civil liability are configured, among them the causation and its interruption hypotheses. The direct and immediate causation theory arises from Article 403 provided under the Brazilian Civil Code, notwithstanding the aforementioned provision does not expressly states on the existence of the causation requirement to ensure civil liability and how operates the link between the act and the damage. Based on the aforementioned Article, Brazilian doctrine and case law understand that the party responsible for compensating the victim by the wrongful damage supported should be the one whose conduct (unlawful act) direct resulted in the damage. The understandings that have been consolidated on how to interpret the existence of the causation and its extent, however, sometimes diverge when they are based on a historical causation analysis or incorporate additional considerations based on the intention of bringing effectiveness to rights protection given by Brazilian legislation stating the compensation duty and relevant fundamental principles in the Federal Constitution. This study aims to analyze the historical causation evolution in the scope of Brazilian civil liability from the causation theories, considering the most recent interpretations of the current direct and immediate causation theory, as well as considering the contemporary understanding of Brazilian’s authors and case law, with emphasis on the most recent parameters of interpretation for the causation recognition under damages of different natures and factual circumstances, especially under the civil liability due to environmental damage. It also proposes the analysis of civil liability through the perspectives of the principles and objectives stated under the Brazilian Federal Constitution in protecting fundamental rights, understanding the causation requirement as the one able to give constitutional effectiveness through infra-constitutional provisions.