This Master dissertation aims to build a solid epistemological basis for a drama experience, frequently performed by young children from different cultures, religions and social classes in an institutional kindergarten in Rio de Janeiro. The point is to try to dramatize the fairy tales, based on the fact that these fantastic narratives have great anthropological, social and historical value and its staging can be an instrument to construct knowledge in Education, besides helping the child to understand herself as free, creative and expressive person, comprehending the social context in which she was born, giving value to the acquisition of sensitive knowledge and the affection between people, recognizing them as partners in the development of Language, self- conscience and citizenship. In the beginning, we look for a dialogue with authors such as Bakhtin, Benjamin, Bettelheim, Bourdieu, Fischer, trying to verify if the theory can help in the practice of this theatrical experience with young children. It was considered also the fact that dramatization can develop the corporal language (image) as long as the child`s imagination. In the conclusion of this study we tried to show the need to stabilize a stage to the fairy tales in which the contact with the fantastic narrative and its dramatic performance, can contribute to construct sensitive alternatives in opposition to rational knowledge, without denying it, in order to make the child to learn how to see the world as something that can be modified in the present, since it has a past that can be critized.