Environmental Licensing is an essential tool for the assessment of environmental and socioeconomic impacts in the areas of direct and indirect impact of large projects. In order to issue licenses for the installation and operation of large enterprises, entrepreneurs often claim that the requirements run away from the direct and indirect impacts generated by the projects, comprising counterparts required by the government, such as basic sanitation works and the construction of schools. This becomes clearer when the impact of a project focuses on a typically urban environment, where an analysis of impacts requires addressing specific aspects of existing infrastructure and impacts of certain activities on the inhabited environment. In Brazil, the City Statute (2001), defined a more appropriate instrument for analyzing impacts on the urban environment, creating the mechanism of the Neighborhood Impact Study (NIS). The NIS is another instrument, among those defined in the Statute, which helps to order and create limitation and regulation measures for the benefit of the community. This study aims to evaluate the use of the Neighborhood Impact Study (EIV) as a complementary, socially and urbanistically useful tool for the analysis of new projects, with a view to urban planning with environmental justice. Based on the analysis of the socioeconomic approach carried out by environmental studies, an exposition is carried out in the theoretical and legal field, where it is concluded that the EIV is an essential tool in the search for social and environmental justice in places where the deprivation of the right of decision of part of society is at stake.