This dissertation studies the theoretical approach of history proposed by the French historian Michel de Certeau (1925 - 1986), focusing on the way the author introduces some psychoanalytic concepts in his argument. The most important between the concepts chosen is the approach of language developed within the reading of Freud by the French psychoanalyst Jaques Lacan, which allows the historian to question the supposed ties attaching history s methods and discourse to a certain conception of reality. This leads Michel de Certeau to a reflection on the incidence of a sort of freudian time in the act of writing history. On the basis of this development is Certeau s critics of the role played by institutions in the construction of knowledge and identity, for which elaboration he also convokes psychoanalysis. Certeau s epistemic and ethical concerns are assembled in the concept of theoretical fiction, brought up by a long length study of Freud s work.