The present dissertation results from a research that proposed to unravel the conformations of the work of the social worker in the contemporaneity, as well as some aspects that interrelate their work, through research on the academic production in theses and dissertations in the scope of post-graduation programs in the Social Work area, located in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The analysis include 24 dissertations and 5 (five) from 2012 to 2016, and some strict sense post-graduation courses in Social Service linked to important universities in the state of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio, UFF, UFRJ and UERJ). It is therefore a bibliographical research that is based on Marxist social theory and seeks to establish a panorama on the conditions and labor relations, as well as on the challenges that are placed on social workers in the current context. Based on a bibliographical review on the subject and the analysis made in the research process, it asserts that social workers are also workers who participate in the process of production and reproduction of social life. It sought to characterize the state of the art about the debate about the work of the social worker contained in the theses and dissertations produced in the five years highlighted, in the area of the Social Work. To this extent, it presents a picture of the current reality in which the social workers are inserted, based on the analysis of the academic productions that were constituted object of research.