This work deals with the relations established between the concepts of the language and of the unconscious in the works of Nietzsche, Lacan, Deleuze and Guattari. In the late nineteenth century, taking care of the role of tragic aesthetics in the culture of Ancient Greece, Nietzsche sees on the art of Sophocles and Aeschylus a symbolic universe in harmony with the unconscious drives of life. At the same time, he diagnoses the attitude socratic-platonic-christian as an interruption of the becoming processes symbolized by the tragic language on behalf of an apology to the virtues of a dialectical consciousness and the negativity of an anthropocentric monotheism. Lacan, in the 1950s, emerges as an allegory of this negative way of dealing with the unconscious processes of language, while Deleuze and Guattari, also in the second half of the twentieth century, affirm the nietzschian analysis of the tragic experience state as a way to blow up the lacanian structures that curtail life by the submission of desire on a monotheism-dialectic to the itself significant alienation.