Based on the concept of microcredit, this study identifies its main methodological contributions and its direct relation with the practice, without neglecting the regulatory picture in Brazil, through a proactive critical analysis of the legal entities that can perform in this area. Using the definitions of development and poverty by Amartya Sen, the paper analyzes the Grameen Bank structuring process and investigates the role that microcredit can play in Brazil, due to its potential contribution to the promotion of social self-esteem (on the demands of distributive justice / recognition; on the improvement of solidarity economic practice and cohesion / social engagement). Additionally, the study analyzes its potentiality to promote the social productivity, not only in terms of capital goods and capital itself, but also in an integrative perspective with the microfinance approach. The main proposal is to shape synergical policies with the welfare programs as a potential tool in the fight against poverty, in the strengthening of the cohesion / social engagement and in the pursuit of the economic development as freedom. This means that we consider the increase of the substantive freedoms and the condition of free agent as the key of the development. Thus, we intend to propose a vision of society based on the full human development replacing the outright reference to the welfare state, by focusing on empowerment of the individual, but mainly in the vision of individual freedom as social commitment, recognizing the interdependence between freedom and responsibility.