This dissertation has the objective to analyze the problematic of the education inequality by the perceptions of young students of the city of Rio de Janeiro, participants of the inquiry Youth, Citizenship and Civic Culture , on subjects like the education, the school and the labor. This analysis understands that the public education in Brazil contributes to the reproduction of the education inequalities and, consequently, of the social inequalities, since it does not work for the reduction of the influences of the familiar origin on the school performance, which turns in the inequality of opportunities between the individuals. The analysis of the perceptions of the young students allows this work to affirm what they are conscious of the inequalities that permeate the school national system and recognize that the opportunities of access to the university and to the labor market are differentiated.