The text presents research results on interreligious dialogue in the Roman Catholic theological and ecclesiastical context. Methodologically, the following steps were taken: (i) analysis of the pluralist perspective of the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council; (ii) presentation of the Declaration Nostra Aetate; (iii) evaluation of themes relating to pluralism and religious freedom; (iv) presentation of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue and the documents “Dialogue and Mission” and “Dialogue and Announcement”; and (v) a theological update of the conciliar spirit in a Latin American key, with emphasis on the value of the human and social ethics for interreligious dialogue, for the importance of mysticism and otherness in dialogical practice, for the theological criticism of Christian universalism, for theological perspectives arising from dialogue with the Afro-indigenous universe, and for the broad vision of the mission that the context of pluralism requires. The pluralist perspective recognizes non-Christian religious traditions as legitimate and autonomous in the process of salvation. This is a new perspective for Christianity itself, which breaks with the idea that there is a single system of salvation and revelation of the Divine Mystery.