The existence of a theoretical relationship between the performance of a company and its participation in existing groups in the industry is a central theme in researches about strategic groups. This work is not only about the most traditional analysis related to the differences among groups, but it also aims at complementing the empirical evidences through the analysis of the differences in performance associated with the positioning of the companies within these groups. In order to achieve that aim, strategic groups, composed of eighty banks performing in the banking industry in Brazil, were identified according to Miller and Dess` typology (1993). The banks were also classified according to their competitive positioning within each group. Results show that the typology adopted allowed the identification of groups composed of banks with similar strategies. Evidences show that strong investment banks, which use differentiation and low cost strategies simultaneously, reached higher level performances. However, there were no significant performance differences among banks with closer positioning to the strategies defining their groups and those adopting a more distant positioning.