This study analyzes how the Yom Kippur War in 1973 influenced Brazil’s political and energy landscape. The oil crisis resulting from the conflict and the subsequent increase in global oil prices forced Brazil to reassess its energy strategies. The research examines the measures adopted by the Ernesto Geisel government (1974–1979), such as the creation of the National Alcohol Program (Proálcool), investment in hydroelectric plants, the risk contracts and the development of the nuclear program. The study concludes that these actions were crucial to reducing dependence on imported oil and ensuring the country’s energy security, highlighting the relationship between international events and national policies.