As cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of global mortality, the assessment of arterial stiffness through its gold-standard biomarker, Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV), is critically important. This work provides a state-of-the-art review of PWV measurement technologies and their future perspectives, aiming to map the evolution of methods from invasive procedures to smart sensors. The methodology involved a systematic literature review describing the operating principles of conventional techniques, such as applanation tonometry and photoplethysmography (PPG), alongside advanced imaging methods like Doppler and MRI. The study focuses on emerging technologies defining the next generation of devices, including piezoelectric, MEMS, and GMI sensors, as well as optical PPG wearables integrated with machine learning algorithms. Ultimately, this research aims to contribute to the development of more accessible, non-invasive techniques for arterial stiffness monitoring. This will enhance the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases and transition the monitoring paradigm from reactive to predictive.