The study that originated this master s thesis aimed to analyze the peculiarities of the basic sanitation in the city of Duque de Caxias, especially in Campos Elíseos neighborhood, in respect of the provision of water supply and sewage services for the resident population. This is because it is a neighborhood that belongs to the 2nd district of Duque de Caxias, part of Baixada Fluminense, which has a conglomerate of companies in the oil and gas industry, which has full availability of water resources to meet the demands of the industrial sector. On the other hand, there is a significant lack of the same services for the population, who living in the same neighborhood. In view of the facts, we aimed to research how the public sanitation policy has been operationalized in this territory, because of the social contradictions identified. The research was supported by the theorical and methodological contribution of qualitative research, with fieldwork for direct observation of the reality, doing semi-structured interviews, with both residents and professionals which work in the sanitation sector, and with the public power, in order to understand what are the strategies carried out by the residents to survive, in the face of the lack of water supply and sanitary sewage, as well as to understand the actions of the public power to solve the problem, and still aimed to identify the existence of socio-environmental conflicts, considering social inequalities and environmental injustices. It was possible to identify the strategies that residents use to provide solutions to water and sewage problems, as well as to verify how the implementation of public policy in the sanitation field still needs more investment, especially in Baixada Fluminense to serve the population in a dignified and fair way.