Brazil, social state of rights, considering the diversity that characterizes it, faces the challenge of ensuring all children and adolescents access to education and, from this perspective, the last decade can be considered a period of profound change. Assuming Federal/88 the Constitution and the Law of Directives and Bases of National Education no. 9394/96 the Childhood Education, the first stage of basic education, compasses the care of children 0 to 6 years in kindergartens and preschools forming a single step, indivisible, and the municipalities are responsible for offering enrollments at this step. From the perspective of equalization of opportunities for access, some cities of Rio de Janeiro have adopted a strategy of emergency nature: the creation of preschool classes at the site of Elementary Schools. This action, however, challenges us to investigate the interactions between public policy and local reality. In this context, this study intends to investigate the relationship between the current national policies on early childhood education and municipal policies of the cities in the Baixada Fluminense the period the period 2006 to 2009 with the aim of knowing how this strategy has been employed and which the conception of infancy and early childhood education in her prints. For the development of the research were used as methodological tools: questionnaires, interviews and documentary analysis that allowed: a mapping of the situation of early childhood education in the city - its organization and management; understand what they think, feel and do in their daily managers and implementers of policies and identifying the conceptions behind the policies implemented. The first chapter presents the challenges and paths, choices and surprises that characterized the construction process of the dissertation. The second chapter talks about the place of the small child in the country s political agenda. And in the third chapter presents the results of field research. This study is intended to constitute an invitation to managers of municipal policies to rethink the place of early childhood education and the specifics of her age group attended considering that access to a quality early childhood education is a right of every child.