Structural components of power plants are subjected to thermal transients during their operational life. These thermal transients generate unequal temperature distributions across the components wall thickness, causing severe thermal stresses. The repetition of the thermal transients and, consequently, repetition of stress and strain variations are responsible for fatigue damage of the structural components. In such cases, fatigue damage is assessed by calculating the cumulative usage factor or CUF. CUF calculations are based on the stresses and strains histories, on experimental fatigue curves and fatigue damage models, and on algorithms used to determine the number of cycles a given stress or strain range occurs during the life period considered. This thesis presents and discusses fatigue damage models and their association with existing cycle counting models that are applicable to power plant components. A selection of combinations of damage and cycle-counting models was used in two case study examples.