The present research aims to describe and analyze the practice of the Cineclube nas Escolas Project, an Educational Policy offered by the Municipal Secretariat of Education of Rio de Janeiro (SME-RJ) since 2008 aimed at building film societies in public schools. In 2012, the year in which this investigation was conducted, more than 240 schools of the public municipality school system have participated of the Project. Conceived by the Department of Media and Education (SME-RJ) with the participation of teachers, the proposal is to encourage schools communities to watch, discuss and to produce movies using Film Societies as model. This qualitative study visited nine schools participating in the Cineclube nas Escolas, having as main strategies to produce empirical data: participant observation; semi-structured interviews, recorded on audio; collecting didactic material and exercises prepared by school teachers, as well as capturing photographs. The data were fully submitted to Content Analysis proceeding, identifying the conceptions of cinema and education and which Film Societies activities are practiced in daily context of the SME-RJ s Project. The theoretical framework of the research relates the thought of Alain Bergala and Jacques Rancière with the connections between school and culture pointed out by Jean-Claude Forquin (1993), since Bergala and Rancière have inspired the proposal of Cineclube nas Escolas signaling the transformative potential of cinema and questioning the structures and purposes of formal education institutions. Jesús Martín-Barbero s perspective of Education, considering it as a Communication issue (2002), completes the conceptual framework, providing keys for understanding the dynamics present in the mediations (2003) that take place in schools film clubs. The current study have observed that the Cineclube nas Escolas Project assumes different layouts, according to the reality and to the culture of each school visited. Although the Department of Media and Education (SME-RJ) aims to exploring the audiovisual language for aesthetic pleasure or as an artistic discourse, the schools traditional exercises focused on the audiovisual narrative content predominate in the context of the Project s practices, showing that the presence of the audiovisual at schools is always submitted to the this institutions finalities in preserving or changing society.