The study aims to investigate how the problem of parents place and presence in the children psychoanalitic treatment lies in the theoretical field. It starts with the Freudian formulations about childhood and child, to then it discusses the opening of the field of psychoanalysis with children from the experience of Hans case published by Freud in 1909. It approaches the emergence of this treatment, the appearance of clinical discussions between Anna Freud and Melanie Klein, and further studies with D.Winnicott, Françoise Dolto and Maud Mannoni. It ends with a discussion about the problem of parents inclusion in the children psychoanalytic treatment through the presentation of clinical illustrations.