The new economic order established to enterprises a new level of competitiveness that obliges them to monitor systematically their competitive system in order to improve their decision making and planning processes, to minimize risks, uncertainties, threats and to get opportunities. A new such a way to do this is using the Competitive Intelligence process. Competitive Intelligence is said to be a tool of actions and resources that enables executives to understand, in a short period of time, how fast competitive environment changes. By using this tool, executives are safe to make better decisions and establish the most adequate strategy. It is a new and increasing subject, both for enterprises and Academy. In many aspects, its theorical base line is not well developed yet. In order to improve the understanding about how and why an enterprise establishes Competitive Intelligence Units, a case study was conducted in an oil and gas company. Executives in charge of these units were interviewed to explain some of the Competitive Intelligence challenges such as: reasons for Competitive Intelligence; structural position, focus and interface with other processes; Intelligence products; human resources support. There are Intelligence Units established in all of the company business units. Almost all are positioned at the higher level of decision structure with focus on long term questions. However, practice shows these units are more focused on short term and are not totally integrated to other processes because of culture and changes in structure and leadership, which influences intelligence unit survival differently.