The present dissertation aims at examining the dementia impact on the musical memory through the theorical references of neuroscience and social sciences. Although some studies indicate that the musical ability is one of the latest capacities to be lost in dementia, there are few researches about this theme. The investigation of relations of musical functions and its cerebral funcional organization togheter with the aspects of emotion and social cultural context where the subject is inserted led to an attempt to understanding the musical memory. Music therapy became the possible therapeutic setting a course where a musical self - individual or group - can be reconstructed in a present time through the different musical sonorities.