This thesis aims to provide elements to a better comprehension of the National Innovation System functioning dynamics, based upon a detailed investigation of a national mobilization program for innovation - The Fine Chemistry Program to fight against Tuberculosis - QTROP-TB. To this end, it is formulated, at the beginning, a conceptual structure formed by a Model to Science Evaluation and the Innovation Systems concept. It is also shown a theoretical reference to strategic analysis, including strategy definitions and a description of how they are formed. To better structuring the analysis, it is used a comparative investigation between the Program and a well suceed inovative entrepreneurship, at the beginnings of this century, the Oswaldo Cruz Initiative. Then, it is made a characterization of the investigated initiatives contexts including an historical abstract of the scientific development in Brazil. That development has conducted to the science and technology organization found in the country, described according to the Model to Science Evaluation. The characterization is completed with a breef description of the Brazilian industrializing process, culminating with the Innovation Systems representations related to each one of the initiatives. After that, both initiatives strategies are analysed. Between the conclusions, it is observed that the QTROP-TB Program, even though the initial correct perception of the need to coordinate efforts in S and T to better appropriate the investiments made by the society, can fail due to the use of an imperfect model to integrate universities, enterprises, government and civil society, to the actions focus wrong choice, to the planning process and entrepreneurship management inappropriates. It is hoped that these results may contribute to a better comprehension of the National Innovation System what could help its better performance. This thesis aims to provide elements to a better comprehension of the National Innovation System functioning dynamics, based upon a detailed investigation of a national mobilization program for innovation - The Fine Chemistry Program to fight against Tuberculosis - QTROP-TB. To this end, it is formulated, at the beginning, a conceptual structure formed by a Model to Science Evaluation and the Innovation Systems concept. It is also shown a theoretical reference to strategic analysis, including strategy definitions and a description of how they are formed. To better structuring the analysis, it is used a comparative investigation between the Program and a well suceed inovative entrepreneurship, at the beginnings of this century, the Oswaldo Cruz Initiative. Then, it is made a characterization of the investigated initiatives contexts including an historical abstract of the scientific development in Brazil. That development has conducted to the science and technology organization found in the country, described according to the Model to Science Evaluation. The characterization is completed with a breef description of the Brazilian industrializing process, culminating with the Innovation Systems representations related to each one of the initiatives. After that, both initiatives strategies are analysed. Between the conclusions, it is observed that the QTROP-TB Program, even though the initial correct perception of the need to coordinate efforts in S and T to better appropriate the investiments made by the society, can fail due to the use of an imperfect model to integrate universities, enterprises, government and civil society, to the actions focus wrong choice, to the planning process and entrepreneurship management inappropriates. It is hoped that these results may contribute to a better comprehension of the National Innovation System what could help its better performance. This thesis aims to provide elements to a better comprehension of the National Innovation System functioning dynamics, based upon a detailed investigation