[pt] APROVEITAMENTO DE AGUAPÉS (PONTEDERIA CRASSIPES MART.) ACUMULADAS NOS CORPOS HÍDRICOS DO COMPLEXO LAGUNAR DE JACAREPAGUÁ, RIO DE JANEIRO PARA A PRODUÇÃO DE SUBSTRATO

[en] UTILIZATION OF WATER HYACINTHS (EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES (MART.) SOLMS) ACCUMULATED IN THE WATER BODIES OF THE JACAREPAGUÁ LAGOON COMPLEX, RIO DE JANEIRO FOR SUBSTRATE PRODUCTION

[pt] CAROLINA TEIXEIRA MOSCATELLI

[pt] FITORREMEDIACAO

[pt] EUTROFIZACAO

[pt] EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES

[pt] UTILIZACAO DA BIOMASSA

[pt] SUSTENTABILIDADE URBANA

[en] PHYTOREMEDIATION

[en] EUTROPHICATION

[en] EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES

[en] URBAN SUSTAINABILITY

[pt] A macrófita aquática Pontederia crassipes, também conhecida por Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, e popularmente chamada de aguapé ou gigoga, foi amplamente disseminada ao redor do mundo por sua beleza ornamental e por ser uma espécie fitorremediadora. Devido à sua alta capacidade de disseminação em corpos de água doce e quando eutrofizados, seu manejo se faz necessário. O estudo analisou a viabilidade econômica e ambiental do uso da biomassa de gigogas, E. crassipes coletadas e aproveitadas como substrato orgânico no Complexo Lagunar de Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro. Para isso foi comparado o custo-benefício do uso de gigogas como substrato para produção de mudas e hortaliças como alternativa ao método atual de manejo, que consiste no transporte e descarte em aterro sanitário, gera emissão de gases de efeito estufa e produção de chorume. O projeto foi dividido em três etapas: a primeira foi a coleta da biomassa, processamento de amostras e análise de macronutrientes e metais pesados. A segunda, teste de eficácia baseado no cultivo de sementes de alface Grand Rapids em diferentes proporções de substrato comercial e substrato de gigogas e o tratamento controle (areia). A terceira etapa considerou a análise de custos: comparando os custos do manejo convencional (transporte e descarte) com os da produção do substrato. O percentual de redução no volume da E. crassipes em temperatura ambiente foi de 86,25 por cento enquanto na estufa foi de 97 por cento. Os parâmetros de nutrientes e metais pesados ficaram dentro dos limites aceitáveis para sua utilização como substrato orgânico com base nas Instruções Normativas SDA número 23/2005 e SDA número 27/2006. A proporção de 25 por cento de gigoga/ 75 por cento substrato apresentou desempenho agronômico sem diferença significativa ao do substrato comercial puro, enquanto 50 por cento de gigoga/ 50 por cento substrato demonstrou rendimento menor. A redução de peso por secagem in loco possibilitou economia logística, com diminuição das viagens de transporte anual, do descarte da biomassa fresca e custos operacionais. A utilização da macrófita como substrato em hortas urbanas contribui para a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (Lei número 12.305/2010), ao priorizar a redução, reutilização e reciclagem de resíduos. Essa prática transforma um problema ambiental em recurso útil, promovendo ecoeficiência e reduzindo impactos ambientais.

[en] The use of the aquatic macrophyte Pontederia crassipes, also known as Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, and commonly referred to as aguapé,gigoga, or water hyacinth (Souza and Lorenzi, 2005), stands out in the literature as an effective alternative for phytoremediation of aquatic pollution (Câmara et al., 2015; Palma-Silva et al., 2012). Widely distributed throughout Brazil, this macrophyte belongs to the Pontederiaceae family and reproduces sexually through seeds, which remain viable for at least 15 years in the sediment of water bodies (Holm and Yeo, 1980), and asexually via stolons. It is native to the Amazon region. The specie spread globally due to the ornamental beauty of its flowers (Szymanski, 2011). With its high growth and multiplication capacity and ease of acquisition, water hyacinth shows promise for various applications, such as organic compound production, seedling substrates, soil organic matter enhancement, and nutrient supply for crops (AGEI, 2017). However, its high proliferation capacity also generates significant negative impacts. Its excessive presence forms a green mat that reduces sunlight penetration, decreases oxygen levels, leads to fish mortality, obstructs navigable routes, and creates mosquito breeding grounds (Sirtolli, 2001). Moreover, a lake covered by water hyacinth loses two to eight times more water through evapotranspiration compared to a water body without the abundant presence of this macrophyte (Sirtolli, 2001). The Jacarepaguá watershed, located in the western zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro, covers approximately 300 km square. The estimated population of the basin is about 500,000 inhabitants, which corresponds to 10 percent of the city s population (INEA, 2019). The Jacarepaguá lagoon system, located in the lowland of Jacarepaguá, has five lagoons undergoing accelerated sedimentation and consolidated eutrophication. This occurs mainly due to the discharge of untreated sewage, which accelerates the natural eutrophication process of the lagoon, leading to hypertrophication (SEMADS, 2001). Raw sewage is discharged into the water, accumulating at the bottom of the lagoon, causing sedimentation and releasing large amounts of phosphorus and nitrogen, which serve as nutrients for the growth of aquatic plants such as water hyacinths (Hough, 2000). The development of high biomass in this aquatic macrophyte is frequently associated with high concentrations of dissolved nutrients in the environment (Petrucio, 2000). One of the provisional solutions found by the State and Municipality of Rio de Janeiro to contain the spread of urban and plant solid waste was the use of eco- barriers at the river mouths and at some strategic points in the lagoons. Eco-barriers are floating containment structures anchored along riverbanks to catch most of the debris that accompanies the river flow (INEA, 2019). The current management of water hyacinth in the Jacarepaguá lagoon complex is carried out by agencies such as COMLURB (Municipal Urban Cleaning Company), INEA (State Institute of the Environment), and the Rio-Águas Foundation. The management consists of removing E. crassipes and accumulated debris from the eco-barriers. After being removed from the lagoons and rivers, the plant waste is transported by trucks to the Seropédica metropolitan landfill, located about 70 kilometers from the collection points. This process generates significant costs and environmental impacts, such as the emission of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide) and the production of leachate, a liquid that needs to be treated before being discharged into water bodies (Lee et al., 2017; Lins et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2016). Despite mitigation measures, such as drains for gas collection and burning, some of these emissions escape into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming. To reduce costs and environmental impact, alternative uses for this biomass could be implemented, such as paper and biogas production, animal feed, and soil fertilization (El-Sayed, 1999; Pieterse and Murphy, 1990). These practices offer economic and environmental benefits by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, decreasing the volume of waste sent to landfills, and promoting the preservation of natural resources. In this context, an experiment was conducted to calculate the reduction of weight and volume of the macrophyte at ambient temperature, aiming to optimize the current management operation used by public agencies. Chemical analyses of the dry matter of water hyacinth were carried out to determine whether the concentrations of macronutrients, micronutrients, and heavy metals were within safe levels for use as a substrate. Subsequently, Lactuca sativa seeds were used to assess the efficiency of the substrate derived from E. crassipes and its potential for application in urban gardens. Lettuce is widely cultivated in Brazil and is considered the most consumed leafy vegetable in the country, making it an important crop both economically and nutritionally (Resende et al., 2003). The choice of lettuce was made due to its broad acceptance as a fast-growing vegetable and its suitability for cultivation in restricted urban spaces, making it a species often used in studies to test substrates and fertilization. Finally, a comparative analysis (economic and environmental) was conducted between the management method currently employed by public agencies and the method suggested by this study.

RICHIERI ANTONIO SARTORI

ANTONIO CARLOS DE SOUZA ABBOUD

GABRIEL PAES DA SILVA SALES

LUSIMAR LAMARTE GONZAGA GALINDO DA SILVA

RICHIERI ANTONIO SARTORI

ANTONIO CARLOS DE SOUZA ABBOUD

2026-04-07

2025-04-16

[pt] TEXTO

application/pdf

PORTUGUÊS

https://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/colecao.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=75971@1

https://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/colecao.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=75971@2

https://doi.org/10.17771/PUCRio.acad.75971