This dissertation intends to reflect upon the place of difference in the relation between states and the relevance of that same difference in the construction of national identities through foreign policy actions. The object of this study will be the Russian Federation and its foreign policy between the second half of 1999, when Vladimir Putin becomes the prime minister, and the last months of 2001, just after the September 11th in USA. Our hypothesis is that Russian foreign policy, in the quoted period, has come to terms with the concept of terrorism, instituted in this time as a threat of the values of the Democratic Rule of Law, in order to justify the violence against Chechnya, republic of the Federation with separatist intentions. Doing that, the Russian national identity had been reproduced, by acquiring internal and external recognizing and legitimization. In general and summarized theoretical lines, the aim is to understand the constitution of Russian identity in that period through foreign policy actions and discourses and how, going through it, the exclusion of the internal difference, which we are going to call Internal Other, is accentuated by political violence in front of the association with which is considered the Others defined by the relation between the States, which we are going to call External Others. For this reason, it is important to remark that foreign policy will be our focus of analysis, as well as our own theme of discussion, because identity and difference, and the appearance of the Other, will happen in the context of its formulations and actuation.