Brazil has more than 40,000 km of inland waterways, of which around 31,500 km are navigable in their natural state, forming varied riverine environments. The Riverine Operations battalion in the Amazon is a military operation organized to provide assistance and aid to communities, solving immediate and urgent problems in the country. However, Riverine Operations have challenges, such as bringing medical care and supplies to areas that are difficult to access, distributing cleaning kits without generating crowds, lack of supplies and supply delays, and communicating with other military personnel in the region. The need for planning for operations in riverine environments is evident, given the complexity and difficulties that usually characterize such operations, and the individual characteristics of each region. Therefore, the general objective of this study is to propose improvements to the planning of humanitarian operations targeting the riverside population, considering the identification and analysis of the main challenges. This is a multi-methodological study, as it uses three research methods: a scoping review, a survey and a case study. According to the results of the case study, it can be seen that the most frequent challenge for Riverine Operations is the lack of resources and the difficulty of providing assistance to the population. However, an action plan was proposed to help plan humanitarian actions.