Sugarcane plays a fundamental role in the Brazilian economy, serving as a versatile raw material that drives various sectors. In addition to being the foundation for sugar production, a significant export product, sugarcane is essential for ethanol and electricity generation, contributing significantly to the country s energy matrix. The current challenge in the sector is to expand refinery production in an ecologically responsible and sustainable manner. Efficient management of by-products from ethanol production emerges as a crucial priority. These by-products include bagasse, straw, vinasse, and filter cake. The first two residues can be utilized for energy production in cogeneration systems, biogas in anaerobic biodigestion systems, and can also be used to generate second-generation ethanol. For this latter system, it is still possible to obtain two more by-products, lignin cake, and pentose liquor. In order to maximize energy generation, avoid improper waste disposal, and reduce associated environmental impacts, this study aimed to develop a technicalenvironmental analysis based on bibliographic research on the possible yields and uses of each by-product (for the base case, scenarios 1, 2, and 3, bagasse was the main biomass used; for scenarios 4, 5, and 6, straw was the main biomass used; in scenarios 1 to 6, filter cake and vinasse were used for biodigestion; in scenarios 3 and 6, lignin cake and pentose liquor were used.). Using this data, different scenarios were analyzed, consisting of combinations of sugarcane refinery byproducts, and calculations of energy metrics and environmental impacts were conducted to determine an optimal scenario for utilizing these materials. In conclusion, scenarios 1 and 3, when compared to the base case, yielded the best results, with scenario 3 standing out. It demonstrated a ratio between the energy extracted at the plant and energy inputs equal to 0.951 (0.717 for the base case), surplus electricity generation of 234,012 MJ (113,309 MJ for the base case), emitting 193,797 kg of CO2 (163,893 for the base case). Therefore, it presented a net impact of 0,168 kg CO2/MJ of ethanol (0,167 kg CO2/MJ of ethanol).