The aim of the research is to present the basic elements for the dialogue between Psychoanalysis and Pastoral Counseling. Such dialogue was long seen as impossible to happen. Many thinkers, of both fields, defended the idea that Psychoanalysis and faith were antagonistic to each other. However, the discussion is essential to tension the two poles in order to realize that psychoanalysis and religion, or rather, psychoanalysis and pastoral theology can indeed be great allies. In the present work, will be investigated the proximity of Freud with religion, mainly from his dialogue with his friend, the psychoanalyst and Protestant pastor Oskar Pfister; and also the phenomenon of transference and countertransference, which are so important to psychoanalysis, being perceived by Freud and other psychoanalysts as one of the main elements that lead to the success or failure in the psychoanalytic clinic. Through an interrelationship between the two issues addressed, the research will seek to point out how pastoral counseling can benefit from knowledge about the phenomenon of transference: first to know the limits of counseling and the possible need for direction to a suitable professional; second, with the understanding of how the transference of the counselee and the countertransference of the counselor are manifested, in order to have a conciliatory environment between the person who suffers and the counselor who welcomes him. Therefore, a Pastoral counseling that takes into account the transference aspects is a pastoral that cares about the individual completely, not only observing what is said, but also the whole story of the one who suffers.