The objective of this study is to contribute towards reflections regarding school knowledge constitution based upon bibliographical research, aimed at the identification and application of the following concepts: instructional transposition developed by Yves Chevallard and discourse recontextualization by Basil Bernstein. With the intent to provide an overview of several possible interpretations of these authors theoretical proposals within the above-mentioned approach, an analysis was conducted of the following: publications by Bernstein and Chevallard directly related to the subject discussed in this research, recent Brazilian thesis that applied these concepts and, starting in 1998, articles presented during annual meetings of the Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Educação (Anped), and during the Encontros Nacionais de Didática e Prática de Ensino (Endipe), as well as published in the three magazines categorized by the Qualis system as international A level (Cadernos de Pesquisa, Educação e Sociedade and Revista Brasileira de Educação). In the course of this reflection and research process, parallel issues were raised, such as the Curriculum and Instruction disciplinary fields boundaries and the interpretation of theoretical writings. In the conclusion of this dissertation, potentialities and specific features of instructional transposition and discourse recontextualization were underscored, as well as the importance of incorporating the discussion of these concepts to the teachers education curriculum.