Infrastructure projects presented as inducers of development often result in involuntary displacement and resettlement of people who occupy or depend on the area. Such displacement and resettlement processes can be associated with adverse impacts, resulting in impoverishment of the affected people, as well as it can generate development opportunities, not only for the region that will benefit from the new infrastructure, but also for the people physically and /or economically displaced. Understanding the gear and dynamics of involuntary displacement and resettlement and the factors that contribute for these projects to result in adverse or positive impacts is essential to implement resettlement programmes that effectively generate opportunities and contribute to development. Some key aspects to be considered in this discussion are (i) effective and participatory planning, with the engagement of the affected people in all stages of the process; (ii) compensation and restoration of living standards and means of subsistence in addition to monetary compensation; (iii) monitoring before, during and after the displacement and resettlement process. It is imperative to adopt an holistic approach to development-induced resettlement which conducts such process as a development program.