Since the last decades of the twentieth century, human society has been facing economic and environmental crisis, influencing each other, drawing attention of national governments, international and non-governmental organizations together with several sectors of civil society. The economic crisis recently experienced by several countries and aggravated by various pressures of a global population that reached 7.3 billion in 2015 with a projected growth for 2030 of 8.5 billion people, will require an increase of employment, food production, water supply, energy production and industry development. As far as the environment is concerned, there is sufficient agreement by the scientific community, attributing to industrial processes, the use of fossil fuels, deforestation and land use throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, several environmental impacts such as: cumulative discharge of waste contaminating the soil, rivers and oceans; overexploitation of natural resources often leading to the risk of their depletion; emission of polluting gases (particularly CO2) causing global temperature rise, warming the atmosphere and oceans reducing snow and melting ice from the glacial regions, acidifying and raising the level of the oceans; use of agrochemicals and pesticides in agricultural activities contaminating soil and food; deforestation leading to severe ecological imbalances, biodiversity loss and changes in climate patterns. From this global context, several countries have been restructuring their laws and economies to stop the predatory exploitation of natural resources and implementing actions to clean up their energy matrix and decarbonize the economy reducing carbon emissions of fossil fuels sources responsible for the environment contamination.