Given that Job 14.13 -17 is believed to have been written as early as in the 5th century BC, we herein analyze the historical, economic, social, and religious context in which it was written, as well as its implications on the life of the people of Israel and the theological meaning of this piece of poetry. We also try to determine what motivated Job to hide himself in Sheol for a set time, until YHWH s wrath ceased, so that he could be once again remembered by YHWH. The conception of the retribution doctrine of that time was incompatible with the suffering of the righteous and faithful, victimized by the social crisis that increasingly worsened the situation of the poor. The spiritualized upper class responded to Word of YHWH, who preached the love for the poor. This study points out that the ancient practice of lectio divina should be reestablished in the present, provided that the text is allowed to exceed our own thoughts, being able to touch us both personally and communally for a response to the Divine word, through a Christian attitude in the face of human suffering.