The dissertation is about Michel Foucault’s thought based on the anti-humanism that characterizes his criticism. On one hand, it is important to consider the concepts of history and present that refuse methodologically and ontologically man. Foucault shows, through history inquiry, that man the major problem related to anthropological philosophy is the historical effect of a given state of thought, and not the cause of thought. We will oppose, in this way, the anthropological humanistic concept of history to the anti-anthropological anti-humanistic defended by Foucault, which is able to subvert the modern philosophical discourse. On the other hand, we know that the research done by Foucault claimed to have an effect on freedom. However, he does not propose anything like a project of society necessary for the full exercise of freedom, like some philosophers who assume the existence of a human nature, which would take place when overcoming the historical contingencies. With respect to this aspect, it is important to consider an anti-humanist notion of freedom that is implicit in the historical and philosophical criticism of Foucault.