This research seeks to make a characterization and analysis of the National Program for Production and Use of Biodiesel (PNPB), focusing its environmental aspect and social aspect through the Social Fuel Seal, emphasizing questioning the sustainability discourse upon which the program is based, realizing the extent to which this fuel is environmentally and socially sustainable. Analyzes to account for the construction of the social imaginary of development and sustainable development in the Program and present the requirements and adjustments required in the space in which this production is included, so for the analysis of how the production is being structured in agrarian space in both the reality of agribusiness as the reality of family farming through the Social Fuel Seal, realizing the raw material that is protruding and reflections within the fruits of their production leading to questions of environmental sustainability. On the issue of social sustainability of the program, the region of Irecê, Bahia, was chosen because it represents an investment in the areas of Petrobras, a company that is investing more in social issues PNPB and for being located in the semi arid region, where the location family farms still have great weight. Objective as well base the discussion of the implications of the type of current development in space that is expressed in the production of Biodiesel contradiction with the sustainability discourse, pointing out some limitations and difficulties.