The purpose of this research is to analyze the Infrastructure Integration Initiative of South America (IIRSA) as a development and territorial planning policy coordinated between twelve South American States. The investigation proceeds initially with a topography of the social forces promoting IIRSA in its ten years of (2000-2010), an analysis of its key ideas and main mechanisms of institutional coordination. Given the complexity of organizations that at different scales (local, regional, national and global) participate in IIRSA projects, the investigation proceeds in search of the political economy that drives one of its geoeconomic axes, the Peru-Bolivia-Brazil. The central argument that drives this dissertation is that the production of a South American regionality and the axis of IIRSA follow the uneven geographical development of capitalism in the terms worked by David Harvey and key scholars of regional studies. This theoretical contribution permits us to learn more about the process of adaptation of different South American states to globalization, but also to reflect on the character of the social resistances inherent in the territories and to what extent these resistances might articulate different and heterogeneous concepts of "development" of the ones that guide the IIRSA projects.